In the piping system of operating plants, gaskets are one of the basic components of flanged connections. A gasket is a sealing material or mixture of materials sandwiched between two divisible mechanical components of a mechanical joint. Gaskets help ensure a leak-proof seal between the two flanges. Gaskets are an important part of flanges. There are different types of these leak-proof seals, such as:
Spiral gaskets are made of a combination of filler and metal strips around the edge of a metal winding mandrel. Spiral washers are equipped with centering straps. To control compression, these rings help place the washer in the center of the bolt circle. The inner ring has material for internal buckling. The inner ring limits the accumulation of media between the pipe bore and the inner diameter of the gasket. Spiral wound gaskets are suitable for temperatures ranging from –250 to 1,000°C.
Spiral gaskets typically reduce the radial flow characteristics of thick gaskets and provide elasticity to accommodate changing service demands. Spiral wound gaskets are usually made of different filler materials such as Grafoil and Teflon for the adaptability of the solution. Spiral wound gaskets are used with raised face flanges with an outer centering ring and an inner metal ring.
Ring joint gaskets provide a strong and durable metal-to-metal seal between two RTJ flanges. Since the flange is bolted on, the elastomeric material of the ring joint gasket is compressed into the flange groove and tightly seals the joint. Ring joint gaskets are available in different styles such as R, RX and BX. Ring joint gaskets provide durable and strong seals in a variety of components such as flanges, vessels and valves. This type of gasket is suitable for use under high pressure and high temperature. Ring Fitting Flange Gaskets are available for pressure ranges from 1,000 to 15,000 psi.
There are many types of ring joint gaskets, such as oval and octagonal gaskets. Oval gaskets connect the flange face to the arched surface and provide a tight seal. But curved shapes make it difficult to get precise dimensions and surface finish. Octagonal washers have a straight face, making them more accurate. Under higher torque loads, defective gasket material may remain on the flange face.
Soft gasket
Soft gaskets are good for general service and corrosive applications. This type of gasket is suitable for various temperature ranges such as low, medium and high. The suitability of gaskets depends on the material from which they are made. Soft or non-metallic gaskets are ideal for pressure and temperature under operating conditions. These washers have qualities such as larger diameter and bolting capability, making them suitable for high pressure flanges.
Soft gaskets are available on many non-asbestos materials such as elastomers, fiberglass, Teflon (PTFE) and flexible graphite. They can also be used to compress asbestos fibers (CAF).
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